Selected Recent Publications

original research

Respirometry in intact kidney slices

Congratulations to Ryoichi Bessho on the acceptance of his manuscript in AJP Renal.

October 2025

Regional metabolic analysis of structurally preserved kidney slices by ex vivo respirometry

A comprehensive spatial analysis of kidney metabolism is essential for advancing knowledge of both normal kidney physiology and pathophysiology. The kidney exhibits marked regional differences in bioenergetic demands and substrate utilization, reflecting the distinct functional profiles of each nephron segment. To complement existing approaches with freshly isolated tubules or primary cell cultures, we established and validated an ex vivo respirometry method using structurally preserved kidney slices on a Seahorse XFe24 platform. This protocol avoids tissue disruption or enzymatic digestion and enables simultaneous, region-specific measurements of metabolic fluxes in the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. > …
original research

Mitochondrial electron transport regulates aquaporin-2

Congratulations to Josh Carty, Ryoichi Bessho and team on the acceptance of their manuscript in JCI Insight. In this exciting collaborative study between the Arroyo and Haase labs, we examine the role of oxidative phosphorylation in the regulation of body water homeostasis.

October 2024

Disruption of mitochondrial electron transport impairs urinary concentration via AMPK-dependent suppression of aquaporin-2

Urinary concentration is an energy-dependent process that minimizes body water loss by increasing aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in collecting duct (CD) principal cells. To investigate the role of mitochondrial (mt) ATP production in renal water clearance, we disrupted mt electron transport in CD cells by targeting ubiquinone (Q) binding protein QPC (UQCRQ), a subunit of mt complex III essential for oxidative phosphorylation. QPC-deficient mice produced less concentrated urine than controls, both at baseline and after type 2 vasopressin receptor stimulation with desmopressin. Impaired urinary concentration in QPC-deficient mice was associated with reduced total AQP2 protein levels in CD tubules, while AQP2 phosphorylation and membrane trafficking remained unaffected. In cultured inner medullary CD cells treated with mt complex III inhibitor antimycin A, the reduction in AQP2 abundance was associated with activation of  5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and was reversed by treatment with AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965. > …
original research

Erythropoietic effects of vadadustat in phase 3 trials

Congrats to Mark Koury and colleagues. This study investigates the effects of vadadustat on erythropoiesis and iron metabolism

Jun 2022

HIF in iron metabolism

Erythropoietic effects of vadadustat in patients with anemia associated with chronic kidney disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease develop anemia largely because of inappropriately low erythropoietin production and insufficient iron available to erythroid precursors. In four phase 3, randomized, open-label, clinical trials in dialysis-dependent and non−dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia, the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, vadadustat, was non-inferior to the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, darbepoetin alfa, in increasing and maintaining target hemoglobin concentrations. In these trials, vadadustat increased the concentrations of serum erythropoietin, the numbers of circulating erythrocytes, and the numbers of circulating reticulocytes. > …

original research

HIF activation prevents bladder injury

This study from our lab demonstrates that HIF-activating compounds protect from cystitis

May 2022

Clayton et al., AJP Renal, 2022

Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylation protects from cyclophosphamide-induced bladder injury and urinary dysfunction

Disruption of the blood-urine barrier can result in acute or chronic inflammatory bladder injury. Activation of the oxygen-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway has been shown to protect mucosal membranes by increasing the expression of cytoprotective genes and by suppressing inflammation. The activity of HIF is controlled by prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) dioxygenases, which have been exploited as therapeutic targets for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Here we established a mouse model of acute cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced blood-urine barrier disruption associated with inflammation and severe urinary dysfunction to investigate the HIF-PHD axis in inflammatory bladder injury. We found that systemic administration of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) or molidustat, two small molecule inhibitors of HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (HIF-PHIs), profoundly mitigated CYP-induced bladder injury and inflammation as assessed by morphologic analysis of transmural edema and urothelial integrity and by measuring tissue cytokine expression. > …

original research

Kidney EPO production in CKD is limited by myofibroblast transdifferentiation

This study from our lab demonstrates that HIF-PHIs do not stimulate EPO production in myofibroblasts

May 2022

EPO synthesis induced by HIF-PHD inhibition is dependent on myofibroblast transdifferentiation and colocalizes with non-injured nephron segments in murine kidney fibrosis

Erythropoietin (EPO) is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2. In the kidney, it is produced by cortico-medullary perivascular interstitial cells, which transdifferentiate into collagen-producing myofibroblasts in response to injury. Inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) dioxygenases (HIF-PHIs) activate HIF-2 and stimulate kidney and liver EPO synthesis in patients with anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined whether HIF-PHIs can reactivate EPO synthesis in interstitial cells that have undergone myofibroblast transdifferentiation in established kidney fibrosis. > …

see commentary: The prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor molidustat fails to restore erythropoietin production in the fibrotic kidney [Acta Physiologica 2022].

original research

Mitochondrial electron transport in renal development

This study from our lab identifies a differential role for mitochondrial electron transport in renal progenitors

March 2022

Disruption of mitochondrial complex III in cap mesenchyme but not in ureteric progenitors results in defective nephrogenesis associated with amino acid deficiency.

Oxidative metabolism in mitochondria regulates cellular differentiation and gene expression through intermediary metabolites and reactive oxygen species. Its role in kidney development and pathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we inactivated ubiquinone-binding protein QPC, a subunit of mitochondrial complex III, in two types of kidney progenitor cells to investigate the role of mitochondrial electron transport in kidney homeostasis. Inactivation of QPC in sine oculis-related homeobox 2 (SIX2)-expressing cap mesenchyme progenitors, which give rise to podocytes and all nephron segments except collecting ducts, resulted in perinatal death from severe kidney dysplasia. > …